Common beans as a source of food ingredients: Techno-functional and biological potential.

Common beans are an inexpensive source of high-quality food ingredients. They are rich in proteins, slowly digestible starch, fiber, phenolic compounds, and other bioactive molecules that could be separated and processed to obtain value-added ingredients with techno-functional and biological potential. The use of common beans in the food industry is a promising alternative to add nutritional and functional ingredients with a low impact on overall consumer acceptance. Researchers are evaluating traditional and novel technologies to develop functionally enhanced common bean ingredients, such as flours, proteins, starch powders, and phenolic extracts that could be introduced as functional ingredient alternatives in the food industry. This review compiles recent information on processing, techno-functional properties, food applications, and the biological potential of common bean ingredients. The evidence shows that incorporating an adequate proportion of common bean ingredients into regular foods such as pasta, bread, or nutritional bars improves their fiber, protein, phenolic compounds, and glycemic index profile without considerably affecting their organoleptic properties. Additionally, common bean consumption has shown health benefits in the gut microbiome, weight control, and the reduction of the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases. However, food matrix interaction studies and comprehensive clinical trials are needed to develop common bean ingredient applications and validate the health benefits over time.

Percepción de riesgo sobre lesiones no intencionales en niños y niñas, México / The perception of risk of unintentional injuries among children in Mexico / Percepção de risco sobre lesões não intencionais em meninos e meninas no México

Resumen (analítico) Es posible evitar las lesiones no intencionales, particularmente en los menores, esto se ve obstruido por la percepción de los cuidadores. La narrativa recupera la experiencia de los cuidadores, padres, familiares, analizando la visión sobre las lesiones, en hijos o menores a cargo, hospitalizados. A partir de los resultados se percibe que hay una reducción de la percepción de riesgo en los cuidadores y carencia en la información de medidas preventivas. Además, una creencia de carencia de control, cedido al destino. Se concluye que existe una ingenuidad preventiva en la sobreestimación de las capacidades de los niños. Una percepción de riesgo, creencias y conductas que reducen la valoración del peligro. Roles de género y estatus socio-económico son bases de esta visión fatalista. Resultando la reducción de capacidades de prevención, hacia hijos o menores a cargo.

Abstract (analytical) It is possible to avoid unintentional injuries, particularly in children. This is affected by the perceptions of caregivers. This study collects the experiences of caregivers, parents and relatives, analyzing their visions of injuries of their children or children under their care who have been hospitalized. Based on the results it is perceived that there is a reduction of the perception of risk among caregivers and a lack of information on preventive measures. In addition, there is a belief that they have a lack of control and that it is unavoidable that children injure themselves. The authors conclude that there is a preventative naivety that exists among parents and caregivers and an overestimation of the abilities of children. There are perceptions of risk, beliefs and behaviors that reduce the levels of danger perceived by adults. Traditional gender roles and socio-economic status form the basis of this fatalistic vision. This results in a reduction of prevention capacities that protect adults' children and children under their care.

Resumo (analítico) É possível evitar lesões não intencionais, particularmente em crianças, ainda que obstruídas pela percepção dos cuidadores. A narrativa recupera a experiência dos pais ou familiares cuidadores, analisando a visão sobre as lesões, em crianças ou menores responsáveis, internados. A partir dos resultados nota-se que há redução na percepção do risco nos cuidadores e falta de informação sobre medidas cautelares. Além disso, uma crença de falta de controle, dada ao destino. Há também ingenuidade preventiva e superestimação das capacidades das crianças. Uma percepção de risco, crenças e comportamentos que reduzem a avaliação do perigo. Os papéis de gênero e o status socioeconômico são a base dessa visão fatalista. Redução resultante de capacidades de prevenção, para crianças ou menores responsáveis.

[Wrist arthroscopy for fractures of the distal end of the radius]. / Artroscopía de muñieca en fracturas del extremo distal del radio.

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the distal end of the radius are very frequent in the orthopedist's practice. The anatomical reduction of the articular surface and the extra-articular alignment of the radius are extremely important to minimize complications. The purpose of the study is to make an arthroscopic diagnosis of the lesions associated to the distal radius and assist in the reduction of the distal radius fracture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted from March 2007 to February 2008. We performed 20 wrist arthroscopies in 20 patients with an intraarticular fracture of the distal end of the radius. They were classified according to Frykman's criteria. Patient age ranged from 17 to 67, with a mean of 38.7 +/- 15.9 years. 60% were males and 40% females; mean follow-up was 12 months; the chondral lesions were classified according to Outerbridge, the interosseous ligament lesions and the triangular fibrocartilage lesions, according to Palmer's criteria. We did articular debridement, radiofrequency chondroplasty, and assisted the fracture reduction. We used Henry's palmar approach and did open reduction and internal fixation with a T-shaped palmar plate and finally performed an arthroscopy to check the reduction. RESULTS: 8 cases had chondral lesions (grades II to IV); 7 cases had lesion of the triangular fibrocartilage (central isolated ruptures, radial detachment of the triangular fibrocartilage from the sigmoid notch), 5 cases had lesion of the scapholunate ligament; one case had a lesion of the luno-pyramidal ligament, and in 6 cases no associated lesions were found; 8 cases had a single lesion and 6 cases had 2 to 3 concomitant lesions. Two patients had been lost at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits; 35% of those that were followed-up had pain at 3 months (7 patients) and 15% at 6 months. Only 2 cases had scapholunate instability and only one case had distal radioulnar instability. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy has proven useful in identifying hidden lesions, assisting in fracture reduction and even treating the lesions found at the time of the diagnosis. Chondral lesions were the most frequent ones, followed by lesions of the triangular fibrocartilage; a close relation was found between the type of Frykman fracture and the associated lesion. Type 7 and 8 lesions were more frequently associated with chondral lesions and with a higher mean age. At the end of the follow-up period the scapholunate ligament lesions remained unstable. Chondral lesions were related with persistent pain at 3 months.

[Vertebral destruction syndrome. Diagnostic evaluation systems]. / Síndrome de destrucción vertebral. Sistemas de evaluación en su diagnóstico.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral Destruction Syndrome (VDS) is a pathology of multiple etiologies causing structural alterations of the spine, producing deformity with neurological and mechanical alterations. In order to study VDS, a diagnostic process is carried out, sometimes with unexpected results. We undertook this study to validate the systematization of a series of studies to arrive at the diagnosis of VDS. METHODS: We included 105 patients in the study with diagnosis of VDS from January 1998 to December 2005, taking into consideration specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of each integrated study in order to determine its diagnostic value. RESULTS: The most frequent etiology was Pott's Disease (24 cases) followed by osteomyelitis (20 cases), metastasis (18 cases) and multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma (16 cases each). The higher sensitivity in Pott's Disease was obtained with bone scan and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); for multiple myeloma, computerized axial tomography (CAT) and bone scan; CAT and bone scan for infections; MRI for primary tumors; and MRI and bone scan for secondary tumors. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce false positives to 2% and to reduce the maximum number of false negatives, studies such as CAT, MRI, bone scan, PCR, ESR, C-reactive protein and determination of alkaline and acid phosphatase must be included in the VDS study protocol. Other studies have very low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Síndrome de destrucción vertebral: sistemas de evaluación en su diagnóstico / Vertebral destruction syndrome: diagnostic evaluation systems

BACKGROUND: Vertebral Destruction Syndrome (VDS) is a pathology of multiple etiologies causing structural alterations of the spine, producing deformity with neurological and mechanical alterations. In order to study VDS, a diagnostic process is carried out, sometimes with unexpected results. We undertook this study to validate the systematization of a series of studies to arrive at the diagnosis of VDS. METHODS: We included 105 patients in the study with diagnosis of VDS from January 1998 to December 2005, taking into consideration specificity, sensitivity and predictive value of each integrated study in order to determine its diagnostic value. RESULTS: The most frequent etiology was Pott's Disease (24 cases) followed by osteomyelitis (20 cases), metastasis (18 cases) and multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma (16 cases each). The higher sensitivity in Pott's Disease was obtained with bone scan and polymerase chain reaction (PCR); for multiple myeloma, computerized axial tomography (CAT) and bone scan; CAT and bone scan for infections; MRI for primary tumors; and MRI and bone scan for secondary tumors. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce false positives to 2% and to reduce the maximum number of false negatives, studies such as CAT, MRI, bone scan, PCR, ESR, C-reactive protein and determination of alkaline and acid phosphatase must be included in the VDS study protocol. Other studies have very low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.